Ini materi rame lo? Mau tau alasannya apa? Langsung aja baca penjelasannya.hehehe
Simple future is used for describing job or action that will happened in the future. Simple future has two different forms in English: “will” and “be going to”.
Positive (+)
a) S + shall/will + V1
Example:
• I shall write a novel.
• They will play badminton.
• Charlie will go to the market.
b) S + be + going + to + V1
Example:
• I am going to write a novel.
• They are going to play badminton.
• Charlie is give a present to me.
Negative (-)
c) S + shall/will + not +V1 + O
Example:
• I shan’t write a novel.
• She won’t clean the room.
• You will not help him later.
• I will not take a nap soon.
d) S + to be + not + going to + V1 + O
Example:
• I am not going to party.
• He is not going to visit his grandparents next month.
• We are not going to clean the classroom.
Interrogative
e) Will + S + V1 + O
Example:
• Will you arrive on time?
• Will they want dinner?
• Will he swim very fast?
f) To be + S + going to + V1
Example:
• Am I going to visit my aunt?
• Are you buying a shirt?
• Is he going to write a novel?
Use of simple Future
1. Use “will” to express a voluntary action
Examples:
• I will send you the information when I get it.
• I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
• Will you help me move this heavy table?
2. Use “will” to express a promise
Examples:
• I will call you when I arrive.
• I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
• I won’t tell anyone your secret.
3. Use “be going to” to express a plan
Examples:
• He is going to spend his vacation in Bandung.
• I’m going to be an actress when I grow up.
• She is not going o spend her holiday in Jakarta.
4. Use “will” or “be going to” to express a prediction
Examples:
• The year 2212 will be a very interesting year.
• The year 2212 is going to be a very interesting year.
• Charlie ST12 will be the next president.
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Minggu, 06 Februari 2011
Simple Future
Passive Voice
Ternyata, ga cuman gerakan aja yang punya aktif dan pasif, kalimat juga punya. Baik Indonesian Language or English Language. Pada kali ini, yang akan saya jelaskan lebih mendalam adalah mengenai passive voice in English. Are you ready?
There are two voices in English, the active and the passive. The active tells us what the subject does, for example: The secretary wrote a letter. The passive tell us what is done to the subject, for example: The letter was written by the secretary.
Definition of passive voice:
A passive construction occurs when you make the object of an action into the subject of a sentence. That is, whoever or whatever is performing the action is not grammatical subject of the sentence.
The generic structure:
• Active: S + V active + O
• Passive: O + to be + V3 + by + S
Active to passive voice
Simple Present
Noun + is/am/are + V3
Active: she is write a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by her.
Present continuous
Noun + is/am/are + being + V3
Active: I am buying a motorcycle.
Passive: A motorcycle is being bought by me.
Simple Past
Noun + was/were + V3
Active: The police released the hostages.
Passive: The hostages were released by the police.
Past Continuous
Noun + was/were + being +V3
Active: The officer was investigating the case.
Passive: The case was being investigated by the officer.
Simple Future
Noun + shall/will + be +V3
Active: The judges will issue a verdict against the accused.
Passive: A verdict against the accused will be issued by the judges.
Past Future
Noun + should/would + be +V3
Active: The investigator would hand in the file.
Passive: The file would be handed in by the investigator.
Simple Present Perfect
Noun + has/have + been + V3
Active: A local resident has uncovered an ancient boat.
Passive: An ancient boat has been uncovered by a local resident.
Past Perfect
Noun + had + been + V3
Active: We had found your watch.
Passive: Your watch had been found by us.
Simple Future Perfect
Noun + shall/will + have + been + V3
Active: The witness shall have shown the evidence.
Passive: The evidence will have been shown by the witness.
Past Future Perfect
Noun + should/would + have + been + V3
Active: The major should have been invited by the president.
Passive: The president should have been invited by the major.
Modals
Noun + must/shall/will/have to/has to + be + V3
Active: Sugiarto must report his attendance to the police once a week.
Passive: His attendance must be reported by Sugiarto to the police once a week.
If you want to change an active sentence which has two objects into its passive forms, there are two ways:
Make its indirect object into the subject of the passive sentence.
Make its direct object into the subject of the passive sentence
Use of passive
Passive voice is use when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I don’t know, however, who did it.
Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite then active voice, as the following example shows: A mistake was made.
In this case, the focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I don’t blame anyone.
When we rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
• The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
• The finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle).
• The subject of the active sentence becomes by Agent in the passive sentence (or is dropped).
• Only active sentence containing object which can be changed into passive form.
• The two forms should have the same tenses.
How about the negative and interrogative?
Take a look at the followings:
• People don’t use bikes anymore.
• Bikes are not used anymore.
• Did the students play the cards in the class yesterday?
• Were the cards played in the class yesterday?
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Kamis, 03 Februari 2011
Direct and indirect speech
Jujur materi ini yang buat aku bingung and asyik buat dipelajari. Materi ini ngebahas gimana caranya ngubah direct speech jadi indirect speech. Pengen tau asyiknya?
Direct speech
Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech).
Indirect speech
Indirect speech reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use quotation mark to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word. Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech.
Did you know?
• When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.
• The reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentence are tell, other command, ask, warn, remind.
• In an indirect statement, we add the conjunction “that” (e.g. he said that…).
• In an imperative, we use “to infinitive” (he told to clean the windows).
• The examples of past introductory verb: said, told, asked, replied, answered,etc.
• If the introductory verb is in the past form, then the tense form for indirect speech is changed.
The changing of tense
Direct speech Indirect speech
Present continuous
Subject + is/am/are + verb-ing Past continuous
Subject + was/were + verb-ing
Simple present
Subject + verb 1 Simple past
Subject +verb 2
Simple past
Subject + verb 2 Past perfect
Subject + had + verb 3
Present perfect
Subject + has/have + verb 3 Past perfect
Subject + had + verb 3
Present future
Subject + will + verb 1 Past future
Subject + would + verb 1
Modals
Can + infinitive
May
Must
Could + infinitive
Might
Had to
Essential patterns of direct and indirect speech
Direct speech Indirect speech with the introductory verb in the past tense
Imperative (positive)
Go away.
Bring me a book.
Imperative (negative)
Don’t do that.
Don’t clean it yourself.
He told me to go away.
She asked her to bring him a book.
He asked me (her, us, etc.) not to do it.
He told me not to clean it myself
Statement
I am very sorry.
I lost my temper yesterday.
He said that he was very sorry.
He told me that he had lost his temper the day before.
‘WH’ questions
Where are you going?
How did you do this?
Yes/no questions
Are you enjoying yourself?
Can you hear me?
She asked him where he was going.
I wanted to know how you had done that.
She asked me if/whether I was enjoying myself.
He wanted to know if/whether I could hear him.
Exclamations
What a lovely house!
Hello! Where are you going?
Oh dear! I’ve torn my skirt.
He remarked what a lovely house it was.
She greeted me and asked me where I was going.
He exclaimed sadly that he had torn his skirt.
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News Item
Pernah baca Koran kan? Ga mungkin kalau ga ada yang ga pernah baca Koran. Yeah, that is my statements. How about you? Do you agree with me? Ternyata, Koran bukan hanya sekadar Koran. Koran juga memiliki generic structures seperti text lainnya. Do you know the generic sturcutres of news item?
News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.
The purpose of news item is to inform the readers, listeners, or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.
Generic structures of news item:
• Newsworthy events (gives events in a summary form)
• Background events (elaborates about what happened/what caused the events)
• Sources (comments given by participants involved in the events)
Language features of news item:
• Using action verbs
• Using saying verbs
• Using passive sentence
There are some rules that can help to make newspaper more comprehensible:
• The passive voice is used without the appropriate form be.
• It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used.
• The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out. The fu
• To refer the future, headlines often use the infinitive.
• Headlines are not always complete sentences.
Example of news item
“ I hope with this movie, the rest e world of the acknowledge Indonesian democracy. Democracy is not just a noun but a process, and there’s something amiss in Indonesian’s democratic processes,” Adhyatmika or Mika, told a press conference at the US Embassy in Jakarta on Friday.
Mika, a graduate from Puttnam School of Film, Lasalle College of the arts in Singapore, called his work as”a dark humor” movie.
“I decided to translate my understanding of Indonesian democracy through a “dark humor” movie because if I tell it in a serious way, people won’t see it,” he said.
US Assistant Cultural Attache Arend C. Zwartjes said the movie reflected the message of the competition.
“We didn’t want to tell the world about democracy according to our own concept, but we wanted the world share many concepts of democracy,” he explained.
Mika won a two-week trip to the US next October together with other winners from Iran, Spain, Colombia, Nepal, and Ethiopia. The group will have an interview at Today’s Show at NBC and are slated to meet the Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.
“What drives me to take part in this competition was the chance for the winner to meet Hillary Clinton, and if I meet her, I’ll have an opportunity to tell her about Indonesian democracy,” Mika said as quoted by Antara news agency. He admitted in making his movie he was influenced by Wes Anderson, an American movie director who was nominated for a 2001 Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for “ The Royal Tenenbaums”.
Source: September 6,2010 http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/09/03/indonesian-wins-us-short-movie-contest.html
Did you know?
Newspaper language is not same as the ordinary English. They prefer words that are usually shorter and distinctive.
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Surprises and disbeliefs
Hi guys, seringkan kalian nonton,dengar,atau baca berita? Pastinya dong sering. Sebagian dari kalian pasti pernah menyangkal atau ga percaya berita itu benar? That is true? So, apa hubungannya? Penasaran?
Surprise is a feeling that we feel when we hear an amazing news which surprise and amaze us.
Disbelief is an expression that we show or say when we know or hear or see something that is rather difficult to believe.
Telling surprising news:
• Guess what!
• Surprise!
• I’ve got news, for you.
• Do you know what?
• You won’t believe it!
Expressing Surprise:
• Wow! What a surprise!
• That’s a surprise!
• That’s very surprising!
• Really?
• What?
• Are you serious? You must be joking!
• You’re kidding!
• Fancy that!
Responding of expressing surprise:
• Yeah!
• It is.
• Yup!
• Sure.
• It’s true.
• I’m serious.
• No, I’m not.
• Does it?
• It is, isn’t it?
• Good Heavens.
• My Goodness!
• This is really surprise.
Expressing disbelieves:
• I don’t believe it.
• I just can’t believe…
• I can’t imagine she could do such a foolish thing.
• It’s unbelievable that you visit me.
• It can’t be true.
Responding to believe or not:
• Are you serious?
• Are you kidding?
• Are you joking?
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Gratitude, Compliment, and Congratulation
Ada yang tau apa arti 3 kata yang ada diatas? Pasti tau kan? Pintar.
Gratitude is an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people. When speaking English, you say “thanks” very often. Please say “thank you” when people give you something, help you do something, wish you something and give you a compliment.
Kinds of gratitude expression are:
• Thank you.
• Thanks a lot.
• Thank you very much
• Thank you for your kindness.
• I want to express my gratitude to…
• How can I thank you?
• I can’t thank you enough.
Responding of gratitude expression:
• You are welcome.
• Don’t mention it.
• No big deal.
• It’s a pleasure
• That’s all right.
• Any time.
• It was the least I could do.
• No problem.
• Glad to be of help.
Compliment
Compliment is expression that used to give praising to other people. Some people use compliment to “butter up” someone or to flatter in order to increase good will.
Expressing compliments:
• What a nice shirt.
• You look great.
• Fantastic/Marvelous!
• Good job! /Excellent work!
• You’re really the best!
• Well done.
• What a lovely garden.
• That’s a lovely cake.
• You look fabulous!
Responding to complimenting:
• Thank you.
• Thank you very much. It’s nice of you to say so.
• Thanks. Do you really think so?
• I’m glad you enjoyed it.
• I’m glad you like it.
Time to express compliment:
• On his/her general appearance.
• If you notice something new about the person’s appearance.
• When you visit’s someone house for the first time.
• When other people do their best.
Congratulation
Congratulation is expression that used to say congratulate to someone when get success.
Expression of congratulations:
• Congratulation!
• Let me congratulate you.
• I’d like to be the first to congratulate you.
• Congrats! Finally your dream comes true.
• I must congratulate you.
• Congratulations on your success!
• Splendid!
• Happy Birthday!
• Happy Valentine!
• Happy New Year
• Happy Anniversary!
Responding:
• Thank you.
• Thanks, I needed that.
• That’s very kind of you.
• The same to you.
• You’ve made my day!
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Happy New Year
Hay semua,apa kabar? Mudah2an baik saja. Yah, walaupun udah telat I want to say Happy New Year all. Smoga di tahun baru ini kita semua bisa menjadi pribadi yang lebi baik lagi dari tahun kemaren. Amin.
Di semester kali ini, bakalan banyak materi yang akan saya posting.
Pengen tau apa aja materinya? Tunggu postingan saya selanjutnya.
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Kamis, 02 Desember 2010
Vocabs (Shapes, Part of body)
Materi yang satu ini berguna buat kita ngenalin bagian-bagian tubuh dan berbagai macam bentuk yang ada disekitar kita. Mau tau lebih banyak lagi? Let's check it out.
Vocab is a collection of words alphabetized; a dictionary or the collection of words one knows and uses.
- Rectangle
- Square
- Triangle
- Simple Rounded shapes
- Circle
- Oval
- Equilateral triangle
- Isosceles triangle
- Right angled triangle
3D shapes
- Cone
- Cube
- Cylinder
- Pyramid
- Rectangular Prism
- Sphere
Mathematical shapes
- Parallelogram
- Pentagon - 5 sides
- Hexagon - 6 sides
- Octagon - 8 sides
Miscellaneous shapes
- Coffin
- Diamond
- Heart
- Kite
- Petal
- Shell
- Star
- Teardrop
- foot
- leg
- face
- neck
- mouth
- lip
- eyelid
- eyebrow
- hand
- nose
- front head
- ear
- eye
- hair
- eyelid
- head
- elbow
- knee
- chest
- ankle
- arm
- shoulder
- bottom
- thigh
- calf
- heel
- little toe
- big toe
- toe nail
- thumb
- middle finger
- index finger
- finer nail
- ring finer
- little finger
- knuckle
- wrist
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Perfect Tense
Ini tense yang buat aku bingung setengah mati(lebaynya keluar lagi). Daripada sama-sama bingung, lebih baik kita ngeliat dan ngebaca yang stau ini. Are you ready?
Perfect tense is used for describing a past action’s effect on the present.
The pattern of present perfect tense
(+) S+have/has+verb 3 (been) +object
(-) S+have/has+not+verb 3+object
(?) Have/has+S+verb 3+object
Examples:
(+) I have been in Bandung before.
(-) I have not learn English since three years ago.
(?) Has he awoke from his bed?
Adverbs used:
- Once
- This week
- Twice
- Since Monday
- Lately
- Many times
Past perfect tense is a kind of tense that is used t describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain time in the past too.
The pattern:
(+) S+had+verb 3+complement
(-) S+had not+verb 3+complement
(?) Had+S+verb 3+complement
Examples:
(+) They had been at school before at 07.00a.m.
(-) I had not slept for a this when I met my cousin.
(?) Had he studied music for a year when I began it?
Adverbs used:
- One
- Twice
- From 1995 to 2000
Future perfect tense is used to describe an action or events that started in the past and finished at the future.
The pattern:
(+) S+shall/will+have+verb 1 (been) +…
(-) S+shall/will+not+have+verb 1(been)+…
(?) Shall/will+have+verb 1 (been)+…
Examples:
(+) We shall have arrived at Cilacap by Monday.
(-) They will not have been at school by the end of this week.
(?) Will you have been a police by next year?
Adverbs used:
- By Sunday
- By next year
- By next month
- By the end of this week
- By the end of this month
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Advertisement
Advertisement is information for persuading and motivating people so that it will attract them to the service and the thing that are offered or informed.
Function of advertisement:
1. Promotion
2. Communication
3. Information
In making an advertisement keep the following points:
1. Language of advertisement
- Using correct or suitable words
- Using the interesting and suggestive expression
- Using positive expression
- Text advertisement should be directed to the goals
2. Content of advertisement
- Objective and honest
- Brief and clear
- Not mocking to group or other product
The placement of advertisement
An advertisement usually placed on:
- A public area
- Newspaper
- Magazine
- Billboard
- Etc.
The kinds of advertisement
1. Commercial advertisement
- Product advertisement (goods or service)
- Job vacancy
2. Covert advertisement
Example of advertisement
Southgate Area
Brand new luxury 1 and 2 bedroom apartments.
At the Heatherdowns and Green Street. Convenient to Southgate Centre. Close the bus route 22.
Rentals from $250 include the following utilities: heat, air, shag carpet, appliances, dishwasher, patio, laundry, room, pool, 1 year lease and security deposit.
One-preschool-aged child considered in 2 bedrooms.
Absolutely no pets.
Model open weekdays 1-6, Sun. 1-5 or by appointment 241-7721. Managed by Sands Corporation.
An equal housing opportunity.
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Greetings
Greetings
Rini:"Hi, Tara."
Tara:"Hi, Rini."
Rini:"How are you?"
Tara:"I'm fine, thanks. And you?"
Rini:" I'm fine too, thanks."
Percakapan singkat diatas udah termasuk greeting loh. Setelah diteliti lebih lanjut, bukan cuma itu saja. Penasaran? check it out!
Greeting is an act of communication in which human being intentionally make their presence known to each other, to show attention to, and to suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other.
Some expressions you can use to greet other people
- Formal greeting:
- Good morning (until about lunch time, or before 12 a.m.)
- Good afternoon (12-16p.m.)
- Good evening (until about 9 p.m.)
- Good morning, Sir/Madam
- Informal greeting
- Hi, Lizzy!
- Morning, Jim!
- Hello
- Initilal greeting:
- How are you?
- How’s it going?
- How are you going?
- How’s life?
- Responding to initial greeting:
- Very well, thank you and how are you?
- I’m good/ okay/ alright.
- Very well, thank you.
- Oh, pretty good.
- Not too bad, thanks.
- Fine, thanks.
- Excellent.
- Pre-closing:
- Ok then…
- I’ve got to go now
- So, I’ll see you next week
- I think I’d better be going now
- Well, it’s time for me to leave
- I think it’s already late at night
- I must be going home
- Closing/leave taking:
- Goodbye (formal/informal)
- Bye-bye; bye; good bye
- See you later
- See you soon
- See you tonight
- Good night (after 8 p.m. or retiring to bed)
- Good night, Dad/ Mom
- Responding of leave taking:
- See you
- Take care
- Fine
- Ok
- Alright
- Good night, dear
Introducing oneself and other people
• Introducing oneself
- Let me (allow me to) introduce myself. I’m …(Rini)
- Hi, my name’s …(Rino)
- Hello, I’m Ratna. How do you do?
- Good morning, Sir. I’m Rini your new secretary.
• Responding
- Hello, I’m …(Rina)
- Hi Rino. I’m Sinta.
- I’m Rama. How do you do?
- Good morning, Rini. Pleased to meet you.
• Introducing someone to other people
- Please let me introduce the keynote speaker for this occasion, Ms. Rebecca Coogan
- Jelita, I’d like you to introduce my brother buyung. Buyung , introduce my friend Jelita.
- Reno, this is Marni. Marni, this is Reno.
Example in dialog
Greeting and leave taking
Rini:”Hello, Charlie.”
Charlie:” Hello, Rini.”
Rini:”How about our task?”
Charlie:” What? Can you repeat it again?”
Rini:” Ok, how about our task?
Charlie:” It is not yet finish.”
Rini:” So, what will we finish our task?”
Charlie:” At Sunday. Do you want?”
Rini:” Ok. Well, it’s time for me to leave. See you tomorrow.”
Charlie:” See you. Bye.”
Introducing someone to other people
Charlie:” Hi, Rini. We meet again.”
Rini:” Hi, Charlie. Yeah, glad to see you again.”
Charlie:” M e too. How’s life?
Rini:” Great.”
Charlie:” By the way, please meet my girlfriend Gina. Gina, this is Rini my friend.
Rini:” Nice to meet you, Gina.”
Gina:” Nice to meet you too, Rini.”
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Present Tense
Simple present tense is used to express habits, general truth, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions, and wishes.
Besides that, to give instructions or directions and to express fixed arrangement, present or future.
Adverb of time:
- Always
- Never
- Every
- Often
- Seldom
- Usually
- Sometimes
- Everyday
- Etc.
The pattern:
- Verbal sentences
(+) S+verb I (s/es)+object
(-) S+do/does+not+object
(?) Do/does+S+verb I+object?
Examples:
(+) He sees stars in the sky.
(-) He does not see stars in the sky.
(?) Does he see stars in the sky?
- Non verbal sentences (nominal sentences)
(+) S+to be (am/is/are)+noun/adjective/adverb
(-) S+to be+ not+noun/adjective/adverb
(?) To be+S+noun/adjective/adverb
Examples:
(+) He is handsome.
(-) He is not handsome.
(?) Is he handsome?
Notes:
1. Verbs ending in –y: the third person changes the –y to –ies.
Examples:
fly→flies
cry→cries
2. Add –es to verbs ending in :-ss, -x, -sh, -ch
Examples:
He teach→he teaches
She pass→she passes
He fix→he fixes
It push→it pushes
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